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(Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine) An epidemic occurs in the same area in a specified population at the same season of the year. Novel subtypes, on the other hand, generally cause pandemics. The epidemics, which occur in particular season, are known as seasonal epidemics. Such epidemics are more likely where large number of susceptible individuals gather as in fairs and festivals.These epidemics originate from a single source of infection of the disease-producing agent. Influenza, or the flu, is a common example.

Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.. The major and abrupt change from a recognizable virus to a new one is called an antigenic shift.If an infection becomes widespread in several countries at the same time, it may turn into a pandemic.After the pandemic emerges and spreads, humans develop some immunity over time. An example of this type of epidemic is measles V which tends to occur in a cycle of 2-3years. If the exposure was continuous or variable, it can be termed a continuous outbreak or intermittent outbreak, respectively. 1. This has resulted in a marked rise in diseases like hypertension, heart diseases, diabetes and mental diseases. These are called mixed epidemics. Observational studies – we do not interfere in the process of the disease, but simply observe the disease and the associated factors. Influenza A viruses are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics, i.e., global epidemics of flu disease.

The 1820 epidemic hits Savannah, Georgia the hardest. Often, a new virus cannot spread between animals and people.

It usually affects a larger area than an outbreak. There are 3 types of epidemics/outbreaks. Published April 22, 2005, for MMWR 2003;52(No. This changed once an antigenic shift occurred.Wild birds are natural hosts for a variety of influenza strains.Medical science has advanced rapidly in recent years, but it is unlikely ever to offer full protection from a possible pandemic because of the novel nature of the diseases involved.Humans would not have natural immunity to a newly mutated disease, meaning that it could have severe effects after spreading between people.When an animal virus first passes to humans, health authorities focus on it as a potential pandemic. In a point source outbreak cases are infected at the same time by a single source or single exposure. Seasonal influenza (flu) epidemics generally occur as a result of subtypes of a virus that is already circulating among people. 2. (Giesecke, pp. (a) Single exposure or “point-source” epidemics: These are also known as “point-source” epidemics. Epidemic, an occurrence of disease that is temporarily of high prevalence.An epidemic occurring over a wide geographical area (e.g., worldwide) is called a pandemic.The rise and decline in epidemic prevalence of an infectious disease is a probability phenomenon dependent upon transfer of an effective dose of the infectious agent from an infected individual to a susceptible one. All rights reserved.World Health Organization: “WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020,” “Bugs, Drugs & Smoke: Stories from Public Health,” “WHO Pandemic Phase Descriptions and Main Actions by Phase," “Disease Outbreaks," “Ten things you need to know about pandemic influenza.”Encyclopaedia Britannica: “Black Death.”Many diseases are so common that we barely think about them.

In a common source outbreak epidemic, the affected individuals had an exposure to a common agent. Point source 2. Therefore, knowledge about various types of epidemics and the conditions under which they occur can be of help in managing them.Some epidemics tend to occur in cycles, which may repeat over a period of time, which may be days, weeks, months or years. Similarly, a cook who is a disease carrier may keep on infecting the diners in the restaurant till he is treated and made non-infectious.PreserveArticles.com is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit your knowledge so that it may be preserved for eternity. The epidemic curve, … This transmission indicates that a virus is mutating and might become highly contagious and harmful.From Europe’s Black Death during the Middle Ages to the Spanish flu around the time of the First World War, pandemics can change the course of society for many years to come.People in many countries have also lost employment as a result of “nonessential” businesses closing to restrict the spread of the virus. The virus subtype may then circulate among humans for several years, causing occasional flu epidemics.The disease behind a pandemic can cause severe illness and spread easily from one person to the next.The following have been or continue to be potential causes of concern:Countries are collaborating on sourcing medical equipment and developing a vaccine, even though it may not be available for months or even years.People with severe COVID-19 symptoms use more ventilators and beds in intensive care. All the articles you read in this site are contributed by users like you, with a single vision to liberate knowledge.With the advances in science and technology, the changing life styles have led to living pattern, which is sedentary and affluent with little physical activity.