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Age based criteria for patients undergoing low risk surgery is not recommended to guide ordering of preoperative ECGs.This work was partly supported by NIA Grant R01-AG033615 from the National Institutes of Health.Temperature management is required for older patients, whom may require more active warming compared with younger patients.During regional anesthesia in high risk populations the level of sedation should be monitored and deep sedation avoided.The authors have nothing to disclose.There are conflicting recommendations on lung expansion in the postoperative period. Complications are varied and may be local or systemic. As evidence-based practice continues to evolve, nursing care to prevent pneumonia in the postoperative patient will lead to improved patient outcomes and decreased ICU length of stays and healthcare costs. A second intervention which decreases the severity of postoperative delirium is the prophylactic administration of haloperidol. [show_more more=”Show References” less=”Hide References” align=”center” color=”#808080″]Hypoxia is the term for when your blood isn’t carrying enough oxygen for your body’s needs, and we all know that our tissues and organs need the oxygen from our blood to survive so it is a very significant complication following surgery.Patients with poor pain control have also been found to be 5 times more likely to experience an infection due to the stimulating effect pain has on the stress response impacting both cardiac and immune functions (Baratta et al. There are few age-specific quality measures aimed at prevention of cardiac and pulmonary complications. Nausea and Vomiting 2010). Start studying interventions exam #2 - postoperative nursing.

Delirium is the most common neurologic complication in the elderly. (Koutoukidis et al. 2017; Maity et al. The patient will complain of abdominal pain and be unable to pass flatus, they may also have nausea and vomiting as well as a distended abdomen.Pain management can be a huge problem for some patients following surgery. These include impaired central temperature regulation, altered shivering threshold, impaired vasoconstriction, and reduced metabolic activity.

The postoperative phase of the surgical experience extends from the time the client is transferred to the recovery room or postanesthesia care unit (PACU) to the moment he or she is transported back to the surgical unit, discharged from the hospital until the follow-up care. These complications vary according to the procedure being performed however many are common to a variety of different surgeries. Older surgical patients should be evaluated for dementia and a history of alcohol abuse at time of admission to identify patients at high risk for postoperative delirium.Correction of abnormal preoperative laboratory values (especially electrolytes and glucose).Hypertension should be controlled, but limited evidence to suggest postponing elective surgery.
However, there are limited geriatric specific data to direct care of the elderly patients. Observational data suggests that perioperative hypertension and intraoperative hypotension may be associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and mortality following surgery.

Overview Postoperative complications Issues that occur after surgery When do they occur? 2017; Gan et al. This is why nursing care following surgery involves the close monitoring of the patient in order to identify early and prevent these complications from occurring. It is an acute change in cognition and is usually characterised by:Postoperative constipation is caused by the disruption of the patient’s normal diet, reduced mobility, reduced fluid intake, medications such as narcotics and the depressive effects of the anaesthetic agents. Important anesthesia quality initiatives for prevention of delirium in elderly surgical patients include use of structured clinical protocols focused on delirium risk factor modification, avoiding meperidine when managing postoperative pain, and careful selection and titration of drugs when sedation is required.

These include pain, anxiety and a depressed micturition reflex with certain anaesthetic agents or when a spinal anaesthetic or epidural is used.These can vary from the mild side effects of surgery, to major complications that can result in the death of a patient. Further data analysis in this area is needed.The remainder of the quality initiatives to be discussed focus on delirium prevention via control and/or elimination of modifiable risk factors. The critical care nurse's knowledge of the patient's risks and evidence-based interventions such as respiratory care bundles is essential.